Transmisión de virus linfotrópico humano 1 y 2 en pacientes receptores de hemocomponentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i3.530Palabras clave:
virus linfotrópico, transfusión de sangre, infección, prevalencia, leucemiaResumen
Los virus linfotrópicos de células T humanas 1 y 2, están asociados con una variedad de enfermedades humanas, incluidas algunas graves. Se ha demostrado la transmisión transfusional de estos a través de componentes celulares de la sangre. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la transmisión del virus linfotrópico humano 1 y 2 en pacientes receptores de hemocomponentes. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática en diferentes bases de datos: PubMed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, LILACS y Latindex durante los últimos diez años. Se seleccionaron finalmente 105 artículos relacionados con la transmisión del virus en donantes de sangre. La distribución del virus linfotrópico de células T humanas 1 y 2 es amplia a nivel mundial. Se encontró que la prevalencia de infección por estos virus en donantes en la región Latinoamericana y el Caribe oscila entre el 0.013 % y el 1.1 %, siendo Perú el país con mayor prevalencia. Mientras que la prevalencia de infección por HTLV 1/2 en donantes en países de Europa, Asia y África oscila entre el 0.00016% y el 1.67%, siendo la menor prevalencia observada en Irlanda y la mayor en China. La principal enfermedad asociada con la infección del virus linfotrópico de células T humanas 1 en donantes de sangre es la leucemia/linfoma de células T del adulto. En conclusión, es necesario promover la vigilancia en todos los bancos de sangre para el abastecimiento de sangre segura con el fin de minimizar los riesgos de infección por vía transfusional.
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