Síndrome metabólico en mujeres en etapa reproductiva y de climaterio y su asociación con riesgo cardiovascular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i3.574Palabras clave:
Obesidad; dislipemia; perimenopausia; riesgo cardiometabólico; biomarcadores.Resumen
El síndrome metabólico es un grupo de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos que incluyen obesidad central, resistencia a la insulina, dislipidemia e hipertensión. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el síndrome metabólico en mujeres en etapa reproductiva y de climaterio y su asociación con riesgo cardiovascular. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño documental consultando en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, Scielo y Google Scholar. Se encontró que en la actualidad los principales biomarcadores sanguíneos asociados al síndrome metabólico y al riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular son: adiponectina, leptina, relación leptina/adiponectina, factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, interleucina-6, pentraxina-3, grelina, y la lipoproteína lipasa oxidada, los cuales juegan un papel determinante en la fisiopatología de la ECV y del síndrome metabólico. La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico es mayor en mujeres en etapa climatérica que en etapa reproductiva. En América la prevalencia promedio en mujeres en etapa climatérica es del 51.3% vs 31.38 en etapa reproductiva; en Europa 24.3% vs 13.45; África: 34.53 vs 13.97 y Asia: 27.38 vs 16.78 respectivamente. En conclusión, los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que el síndrome metabólico es una condición estrechamente relacionada con el estado hormonal de la mujer, siendo más prevalente en la etapa climatérica y fuertemente asociado al riesgo cardiovascular.
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