Enterocolitis Necrosante neonatal: Factores de riesgo y medidas de prevención
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i6.871Palabras clave:
Enterocolitis Necrosante Neonatal; prematuridad; lactancia materna; probióticos; protocolo de alimentación estandarizado.Resumen
La Enterocolitis Necrosante Neonatal (ECN) es una emergencia gastrointestinal grave, que afecta principalmente a los recién nacidos prematuros, su fisiopatología es multifactorial y la gravedad se puede clasificar mediante el sistema de estadificación de Bell. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en artículos científicos originales, metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas obtenidas de diferentes bases de datos y se analizaron los resultados de 66 artículos científicos. Se determinó que el principal factor de riesgo para ECN es la prematuridad, el mismo que influye en los demás factores de riesgo. Los factores de riesgo se clasificaron en maternos y prenatales, perinatales y del parto y factores de riesgos neonatales tempranos y postnatales. Dentro de las medidas de prevención contra la ECN se hallaron a la alimentación con leche materna, la implementación de un protocolo de alimentación estandarizado, la suplementación con probióticos y la restricción del uso de antibióticos. La prematuridad influye en el desarrollo de ECN por ende es importante que se tomen medidas preventivas para evitar partos prematuros. Por otro lado, la lactancia materna es la estrategia más costo-efectiva contra la ECN por lo que se sugiere un mayor apoyo a la lactancia materna y la instauración de bancos de leche humana.
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