Relación entre microbiota intestinal y enfermedades autoinmunes: mecanismos, evidencia actual y perspectivas terapéuticas

Sebastián  Mora Chacón

doi:10.59169/pentaciencias.v7i4.1577

Authors

Sebastián Mora Chacón Investigador independiente https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5356-2352

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v7i4.1577

Keywords:

Gut microbiota; autoimmunity; dysbiosis; probiotics; fecal microbiota transplant; autoimmune diseases

Abstract

The gut microbiota, composed of trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, plays a critical role in immune regulation and maintaining homeostasis. Its imbalance, known as dysbiosis, has been linked to the onset and progression of various autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. This article provides an in-depth review of the immunological mechanisms involved, current scientific evidence, microbiome-modulating factors, and emerging therapeutic strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Challenges in research and future clinical application perspectives are discussed.

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