Neonatal Necrosting Enterocolitis: Risk factors and prevention measures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v5i6.871Keywords:
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis; prematurity; breastfeeding; probiotics; standardized feeding protocol.Abstract
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal emergency that primarily affects premature newborns. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and severity can be classified using the Bell staging system. A bibliographic review was carried out based on original scientific articles, meta-analysis and systematic review obtained from different databases and the results of 66 scientific articles were analyzed. It is determined that the main risk factor for NEC is prematurity, the same one that influences the other risk factors. Risk factors were classified into maternal and prenatal, perinatal and delivery, and early neonatal and postnatal risk factors. Preventive measures against NEC include breastfeeding, implementing a standardized feeding protocol, supplementing with probiotics, and restricting the use of antibiotics. Prematurity influences the development of NEC, so it is important that preventive measures are taken to avoid premature births. On the other hand, breastfeeding is the most cost-effective strategy against NEC, which is why greater support for breastfeeding and the installation of human milk banks is suggested.
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