Infecciones por TORCH en mujeres de edad fértil y embarazadas: factores de riesgo, diagnóstico y seroprevalencia
Palabras clave:
infecciones congénitas; TORCH; mujeres; embarazo; edad fértil.Resumen
Las mujeres presentan una serie de características que definen no solo su salud y bienestar, sino que también se convierten en factores positivos o negativos predictores de la salud de las futuras generaciones, de ahí el propósito del tema a investigar que tiene como objetivo demostrar infecciones por TORCH en mujeres de edad fértil y embarazadas: factores de riesgos, diagnóstico y seroprevalencia. La metodología aplicada fue narrativa documental tipo descriptiva basándose en la búsqueda de artículos, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Elsevier, Google Académico, Redalyc, en las cuales se utilizaron los términos MeSH, “infecciones congénitas”, “TORCH”, “toxoplasmosis”, “infecciones”, “embarazo”, “Rubeola”, “herpes”, “citomegalovirus”, “edad fértil”, “mujeres”. Los resultados obtenidos se centran en la determinación de los diversos factores de riesgo entre los cuales destacan el nivel socioeconómico, ubicación geográfica, malos hábitos alimenticios y la edad, destacando las técnicas de laboratorio que más predominan en el diagnóstico de infecciones por TORCH los cuales son el inmunoensayo enzimático ligado a enzimas (ELISA) e inmunoensayos enzimáticos de micropartículas quimioluminiscentes, se dieron resultados positivos de infecciones activas en regiones como Europa, Asia y América Latina entre las cuales destaca el haber contraído estas infecciones debido a la gran seroprevalencia de anticuerpos igg en las poblaciones de estudios. En conclusión, las infecciones por TORCH prevalecen a nivel mundial, afectando a las mujeres en edad fértil y embarazadas destacando principalmente los factores socioeconómicos por lo se debe incentivar a este grupo poblacional a llevar un control antes y durante el embarazo evitando así enfermedades congénitas.
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