MicroARNs como biomarcadores para el diagnóstico y monitoreo de Alzheimer: avances y desafíos en las pruebas de laboratorio

Lizbeth Johanna Chicaiza Guachi; Edison Arturo  Galárraga Pérez

doi:10.59169/pentaciencias.v7i3.1526

Authors

Lizbeth Johanna Chicaiza Guachi Universidad Técnica de Ambato https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7681-7303
Edison Arturo Galárraga Pérez Universidad Técnica de Ambato https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-1631

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v7i3.1526

Keywords:

microRNAs; Alzheimer´s disease; molecular biomarkers; early diagnosis; laboratory testing

Abstract

Alzheimer´s disease is considered s chronic and progresive neurodegenerative condition and remains a growing challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. In recent years, microRNAs have emerged as molecular biomarkers with diagnostic ans pronostic potential due to their stability in biological fluids and their altered espression during the early stages of the disease. The main objective of this literature review was to analyze the progress made in the use of microRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as the current challenges related to their detection in laboratory settings. A bibliographic search was conducted on scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Th estudies identified microRNAs such as miR-125b-1-3p, miR-384, miR-132-3p, miR-1290 and miR-128-3p as having notable diagnostic value, particularly when analyzed through multivariate models. The exosomes, and bioinformatic tolos. Therefore, it is concluded that microRNAs represent a promising alternative for the development of more specific and les invasive diagnostic tests; however, it is still necessary to overcome methodological limitations and validate their clinical utility in larger populations.

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