Acute renal failure and risk factors in patients with Covid – 19

Abstract

Acute Renal Failure is defined as the decreased ability of the kidneys to eliminate nitrogenous waste products, which is established in hours to days. Body fluids can build up to dangerous levels when the kidneys lose their filtering ability. The condition will also cause electrolytes and waste material to build up in your body, which can also be deadly. COVID-19 manifests itself mainly as an acute respiratory disease with low respiratory compromise, it can also affect multiple organs such as the kidney, which leads to worse outcomes. The objective is to demonstrate cases of acute renal failure and risk factors in COVID-19 patients. As a methodology, a descriptive narrative documentary study was carried out, the search strategy was indexed journals such as Pubmed, Google academic, Scielo. The following descriptors COVID-19, Acute Renal Failure and Risk factors were included as search criteria. Original and review articles from the last 5 years (2016-2021) were included. The results obtained through the bibliographic review of several studies from indexed sources concluded that the risk factors in patients with Covid-19 were: arterial hypertension 49%, followed by cardiovascular disease 36% and diabetes mellitus with 34%. It can be concluded that the most frequently observed histological findings in COVID-19 patients with acute renal failure are: tubular necrosis, endothelial damage, capillary erythroid aggregates, glomerular intracapillary fibrin thrombi, and inflammatory signs.