Turismo basado en la naturaleza y salud mental: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59169/pentaciencias.v8i4.1924Palabras clave:
turismo basado en la naturaleza; salud mental; revisión de alcance; bienestar psicológico; PRISMA-ScRResumen
El turismo basado en la naturaleza ha surgido como una intervención no farmacológica potencialmente valiosa para la salud mental, en un contexto de creciente desconexión con el entorno natural y de elevada carga global de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo mapear la evidencia disponible sobre los efectos y beneficios del turismo basado en la naturaleza (nature-based tourism, nature tourism o nature-based adventure) en la salud mental de quienes participan en estas actividades. Se siguió el marco del Joanna Briggs Institute para revisiones de alcance, con reporte según la guía correspondiente. Se consultaron Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed, identificando 164 registros; tras eliminar 33 duplicados y realizar el cribado por título/resumen y la lectura a texto completo, se incluyeron 16 estudios empíricos. Los resultados evidenciaron reducciones a corto plazo de síntomas depresivos, ansiosos y de estrés, junto con mejoras en el bienestar psicológico y en las experiencias restaurativas, aunque los efectos a largo plazo parecieron requerir intervenciones más frecuentes. Se detectaron vacíos en contextos latinoamericanos, en diseños longitudinales y en la integración de saberes ancestrales. Estos hallazgos respaldan al turismo de naturaleza como estrategia complementaria de salud pública y orientan prioridades para la investigación futura.
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